Lunes, Setyembre 12, 2011

BABAWI AKO SA 2ND GRADING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
papaka buti na ako :D

Sabado, Setyembre 10, 2011

ang tagal ko ng hindi nag post sa blog kowwww
last post ko july 19 hahaha
ang tagal ko ng hindi nag post sa blog kowwww
last post ko july 19 hahaha
takte! pang last yung red :/
dibale na intrams lang yan...

Lunes, Hulyo 25, 2011

History of Computers

The development of the modern day computer was the result of advances in technologies and man's need to quantify. Papyrus helped early man to record language and numbers. The abacus was one of the first counting machines..
Some of the earlier mechanical counting machines lacked the technology to make the design work. For instance, some had parts made of wood prior to metal manipulation and manufacturing. Imagine the wear on wooden gears. This history of computers site includes the names of early pioneers of math and computing and links to related sites about the History of Computers, for further study. This site would be a good Web adjunct to accompany any book on the History of Computers or Introduction to Computers. The "H" Section includes a link to the History of the Web Beginning at CERN which includes Bibliography and Related Links. Hitmill.com strives to always include related links for a broader educational experience.
-A-
A Brief History of Computers and Networks (GoldenInk.Com)
A Chronology of Computer History (Cyberstreet.Com)
A Chronology of Personal Computers (kpolsson - islandnet.com)
A Few Quotes from Silicon Valley History
A Journey Through the History of Information Technology
Photos: History of Computing Information
Artificial Intelligence, History of
A Timeline of Computer and Internet History

ABACUS
The Abacus  (Hitmill.com: Good pictures, overview, brief history, definition, counting boards, bibliography, and links for further study)


ADA
Ada was a US governmental (DoD) developed programming language. The standard was originally known as Ada83, but this is now obsolete, as it was recently "overhauled" and re-born as Ada95. This is now the preferred standard and implementation of the Ada programming language. Read more about it:
Ada Programming at U. of Mich.
Ada Programming Resources (Hitmill.com) Introduction to Ada95 (embedded.com)
Mission Critical Programming Concepts with Ada95: Introduction to the Ada Programming Language Training Class (ddci.com)
AIKEN, HOWARD HATHAWAY
Howard Hathaway Aiken and the Mark I
Howard Aiken: Makin' A Computer Wonder
Howard Hathaway Aiken, Computer Pioneer
Howard Aiken's Harvard Mark I

ALTAIR Computer
Altair 8800 (Wikipedia)
Introduction The Revolution Begins (David Bunnell)
The Altair 8800 and Ed Roberts
Altair History (onlineethics.org)
Early History of the Personal Computer (by Thayer Watkins at San Jose State University)
Brief History of the Altair (highgate.comm.sfu.ca)
The Virtual Altair Museum"
Ed Roberts Interview (virualaltair.com)
What Good is a Computer Without Software? (virtualaltair.com)
How the Personal Computer Was Born (sas.org)
Looking Back on Nearly Three Decades of Personal Computing (by Forrest M. Mims III)
Ed Roberts and the MITS Altair
How the Altair Began (by Stan Veit, the Computer Editor of Popular Electronics Magazine)
Chronology of Personal Computers 1975
Open Letter to Hobbyists from Bill Gates, February 3, 1976
PDF copy of An Open Letter To Hobbyists
Ramblings From Ed Roberts, March 1976

ANALYTICAL ENGINE
The Analytical Engine, Table of Contents
Analytical Engine/Babbage

APPLE/MACINTOSH
Apple Computer history (apple-history.com)
Steve Jobs Information Page
Woz.org
Making the Macintosh (stanford.edu)
The Apple Museum (theapplemuseum.com)
Books on Apple History
MacPicks (Mac News, Reviews, E-zines)
MacPlaces

ARPA, Forerunner of ARPANET and the Internet
ARPA: The Early Days of ARPA, Forerunner of the Internet

ATANASOFF, JOHN VINCENT
The John Vincent Atanasoff Virtual Archive
Iowa State University Department of Computer Science, birthplace of the electronic digital computer.
Atanasoff Biography (Hien Chris Do)
Washington Post Obituary
Secret of a Genius: Drive Fast and Don't Look Back
(This is an article about John Atanasoff.)
Inventors of the Modern Computer
This article from the Minining Company discusses the Atanasoff-Berry Computer,
John Vincent Atanasoff, and Clifford Berry.
ATANASOFF-BERRY COMPUTER
Reconstruction of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer
(Article from Ames Lab)
ABC Public Showings: November 1996 and October 1997 

-B-

BABBAGE, CHARLES
Charles Babbage (1791-1871 was born 26 Dec 1791, the son of a London banker. In his youth he had his own private instructor in algebra and by the time he attended Trinity College, Cambridge, he was advanced in knowledge beyond his tutors in mathematics. In 1811, he co-founded the Analytical Society to promote continental mathematics and to reform the mathematics of Newton taught at the University at that time. He worked on the calculus of functions in his twenties. After being elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1816, Babbage played a role in the development of the Astronomical Society in 1820. In 1821 he invented the Difference Engine to compile mathematical tables. The Difference Engine was completed in 1832. Then he began work on a machine that could do any type of calculation, and this machine was the Analytical Engine completed about 1856. To learn more about Charles Babbage and his contributions to society, mathetics, engineering, astronomy, and more.... see the following links:
Pioneers: Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage Biographical Notes
The Babbage Pges: Biography
Babbage's Analytical Engine
Charles Babbage Institute (U. of Minn.)
Charles Babbage - Bibliographical notes  (cs.vt.edu)
Picture of Charles Babbage (cs.vt.edu)

BACKUS, JOHN
Biography of John Backus  Leader of the team that developed Fortran programming language
John Backus, Recipient of Alan M. Turing Award

BELL, GORDON
Gordon Bell Microsoft Bay Area Research Center; worked on design of PDP-6 at DEC, an antecedent of the PDP-10, one of the first mPs and the first time-sharing computer.
MyLifeBits Project: Vannevar Bush's 1945 Memex Vision Fulfilled (research.microsoft.com)

BOOLE, GEORGE
George Boole - Genius of Lincoln (Roger Parsons)
The Calculus of Logic by George Boole (maths.tcd.ie)
Papers by George Boole (ucc.ie - University Library County Cork, Ireland)
George Boole Invents Boolean Algebra
George Boole, Biographical Notes (st-and.ac.uk)

BRICKLIN, DANIEL (Co-Creator of VisiCalc)
Daniel Bricklin, First Spreadsheet,VisiCalc
Daniel Bricklin's Web Page
Daniel Bricklin Biography, Long Form


BUNNELL, DAVID (Altair, MITS, PC Mag., PC World, MacWorld)
The Third Culture: David Bunnell (edge.org)
Prosumer Media
Upside Tech Magazine's Downside (S.F. Chronicle)

BUSH, VANNEVAR
As We May Think (by permission of theatlantic.com)
Article of 1945 by Vannevar Bush
Vannevar Bush Biographical Notes (www.iath.virginia.edu)
Vannevar Bush (livinginternet.com)

BYRON, LADY AUGUSTA ADA
Ada Byron (Yale.edu, contributed by Dr. Betty Toole)
Ada's Notes Contributed by Dr. Betty Toole, Yale.Edu
The Birth of the Computer Revolution Yale.edu
Pictures of Lady Augusta Ada Byron, Countess of Lovelace

-C-

Calculator Reference, Research Page
Chronology of Computer History (cyberstreet.com)
Chronology of Personal Computers (Ken Polsson)
Computing Science, History of
Computers: From the Past to the Present

C++ Programming Language
History of the C++ Programming Language (hitmill.com)
History of C++ (cplusplus.com)

CALCULATORS
Timeline History of Calculators

CERF, VINTON G. Co-inventor of TCP/IP Protocol for the Internet
ICANN Biographical Notes about Vinton G. Cerf
Vint's Personal Home Page Read about the first 35 years of the "Internet"
How the Internet Came to Be as told by Vinton Cerf
Vinton G. Cerf (isoc.org)
Vinton G. Cerf (Wikipedia page)
Vinton Cerf on the future of e-mail (ComputerWorld: 2001 article)
From Inventing the Enterprise: Vinton G. Cerf (cio.com)


CODD, EDGAR F. Database Pioneer, Key Theorist of Databases
Edgar Codd, Database Pioneer, Dead at 79 (usatoday.com)
Edgar Codd, Key Theorist of Databases Dies at 79 in Florida

COLOSSUS
The Colossus Rebuild Project (codesandciphers.org.uk)
The Colossus Rebuild Project (project-x.org.uk)
Lorenz Ciphers and the Colossus
1940-1944 The Colossus
Colossus Electronic Programmable (to a limited extent) Computer
Colossus Computer

Computer Conservation Society
Computer Conservation Society

-D-
DIJKSTRA, EDSGER WYBE Mathematician, Computer Scientist,
  Shortest Path Algorithm, Computer Programmer, Educator
Biographical Notes: Edsger W. Dijkstra (Wipikedia.org)
Edsger Dijkstra, The shortest-path algorithm
Dijkstra's Algorith (Wikipedia.org)
E. W. Dijkstra Archive (utexas.edu)
Dijkstra's Algorith (uwa.edu.au)
GoTo Statement Considered Harmful by Edsger Dijkstra, 1968;
   Article began the structured programming movement.
How Do We Tell Truths that Might Hurt? by Edsger Dijkstra, 1975:
  On old problems in programming
Edsger Dijkstra on universities
Edsger Dijkstra:RIP (death notice)

DIGITAL IMAGING
Mona Lisa, Digital Image from 1965
A Brief History of Digital Imaging

-E-
ECKERT, J. PRESPER
J. Presper Eckert Interview
The Eckert/ENIAC Collection

ENGLEBART, DOUGLAS C.
AUGMENTING HUMAN INTELLECT: A Conceptual Framework A summary report prepared by Douglas C. Englebart for the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, October 1962.
Original Computer Mouse Patent
Computer Mouse Demo (video info.)
Facts About the Invention of the Computer Mouse
The Computer Mouse
The Mousesite - a resource for exploring the history of human computer interaction beginning with the pioneering work of Douglas Engelbart and his colleagues at Stanford Research Institute in the 1960s.

ENIAC 
The ENIAC Story (army.mil)
A Report on the ENAIC (army.mil)
ENAIC - The Army Sponsored Revolution (army.mil)
John W. Mauchly and the Development of the ENIAC Computer (upenn.edu)
The Eniac (about.com)
ENIAC Computer Invention (ideafinder.com)
Jean Bartik, The First ENIAC Programmer

Ethernet
Networking With Ethernet (entertainmentdesignmag.com)

-F-

Fibonnaci Numbers
Fibonnaci Numbers Definition
Fibonnaci Numbers and the Golden Section

-F, G-
First, Second, Third, and Fourth Generation Computers
Features of each generation are discussed.

-G-

Google.Com's Computer History Links
Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present
Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century

GATES, WILLIAM H III
An Open Letter To Hobbyists, by Bill Gates
Bill Gate's Web Page at Microsoft
Bill Gates: Biog. notes and p;icture
The "Unofficial" Bill Gates page
Focus Magazine's Interview with Bill Gates
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
An Open Letter to Hobbyists - by Bill Gates, 1976 (blinkenlights.com)
William H. Gates III Before Microsoft
Bill Gates Wealth Index

GOOD, IRVING JOHN (JACK)
Roanoke Times Article about Jack Good, a memeber of the team that broke the ENIGMA code during WWII
Irving John (Jack) Good Cryptologist, statistician

GORE, AL
Al Gore's Support of the Internet
    by Robert E. Kahn and Vinton G. Cerf
Gore to Get Lifetime Award for Internet
Gore Never Did Claim That He Invented the Internet

GOSLING, JAMES wrote the Java programming language From Inventing the Enterprise: James Gosling (cio.com)
James Gosling, On the Java Road
Java - James Gosling (about.com)

Graphical User Interface
Graphical User Interface
History of the Graphical User Interface
Graphical User Interface, GUI (apple-history.com)
Mac OS X
Aqua Human Interface Guidelines (developer.apple.com)
GUI Gallery
The History of Graphical User Interfaces

-H-

Historic Computer Images (army.mil)
History of Computers Article by aleembawany.com
History of Computer Viruses and Attacks (securityfocus.com)
History of Computing (ei.cs.vt.edu)
A compiled directory of categorical links.
History of Computing: Virtual Museum of Computing (VMoC)
This site is a virtual museum which includes an eclectic collection of WWW hyperlinks connected with the history of computing and on-line computer-based exhibits.
History of the Internet (Roads and Crossroads of Internet History (Gregory Gromov's site)
History of the Web Beginning at CERN

HOPPER, GRACE
Grace Hopper
The Wit and Wisdom of Grace Hopper
Inventing the Enterprise: Grace Murray Hopper (cio.com)

Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard, History -- Founding Fathers
The Making of Hewlitt-Packard
Dave Packard's 11 Simple Rules

-I-

IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
Internet History: Roads and Crossroads of Internet History (Gregory Gromov)

IBM
IBM Vintage Personal Computers

IEEE
IEEE/ISTO Industry Standards and Technology Organization
IEEE Computer Society Home Portal
IEEE Computer Society History of Computing
IEEE Annals of Computer History
IEEE 802.11b - Wireless Ethernet Article by Al Petrick, Vice Chairman of the IEEE 802.11 Standards Committee

Internet Explorer
The History of Internet Explorer

-J-
JACQUARD, JOSEPH-MARIE
Book:  Jacquard's Web: How a Hand Loom Led to the Birth of the Information Age by James Essinger. Read about this book at Amazon.com
Jacquard Loom
The Jacquard Loom (columbia.edu)
Jacquard's Punched Card
Industrial Revolution: Timeline of Textile Machinery
Biographical Note on Joseph-Marie Jacquard
Biography of Joseph-Marie Jacquard

JOBS, STEVE PAUL
Steve Paul Jobs Bio.

-K-
KAHN, ROBERT E (co-inventor of TCP/IP Technology for Internet)
Robert E. Kahn Biographical Notes
Robert E. Kahn Awarded National Medal of Technology

KING, ADA BYRON
(See BYRON, AUGUSTA ADA)

KLEINROCK, LEONARD
Leonard Kleinrock Biography: The Birth of the Internet (ucla.edu)
Leonard Kleinrock was the inventor of the Internet technology known as packet-switching.
Leonard Kleinrock's home page

-L-
LEIBNITZ, GOTFRIED von
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646-1716)

LICKLIDER, J.C.R.
Man-Computer Symbiosis by J.C.R. Licklider (PDF file, Memex.org)
The Computer as a Communication Device (PDF file, Memex.org)
by J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor (of ARPA)
JCR Licklider (columbia.edu)
J.C.R. Licklider Biography (thocp.net)
J.C.R. Licklider (livinginternet.com)
Six degrees of J.C.R. Licklider traces computer evolution (St.Louis Post Dispatch/wustl.edu)
J.C.R. Licklider in Memoriam (MIT.edu)
The Dream Machine: J.C.R. Licklider and the Revolution That Made Computing Personal (book, by M. Mitchell Waldrop -- see Amazon.com book site)

-M-

Mind Machine Museum (SFSU.edu)


MAUCHLY, JOHN W.
John W. Mauchly and the Development of the ENIAC Computer

METCALF, ROBERT M. Ethernet
From Inventing the Enterprise: Robert M. Metcalf (cio.com)
Ethernet (acm.org)
Ethernet PDF Paper: IEEE 802.3


Mouse
(See also: Englebart, Douglas)
The Mouse Site

-N-
NELSON, TED
Project Xanadu
The original hypertext project...
Ted Nelson home page

NYGAARD, KRISTEN
Notes About Kristen Nygaard

-O-

 
-P-

Past Notable Women of Computing and Mathematics
PC Computers, Pre-IBM
Pioneers (Wired Magazine's List of Pioneers of Computing)
Pioneers of Computing

PASCAL, BLAISE
Blaise Pascal Quotes to Inspire You
Blaise Pascal Biography

PDP Computers
PDP11's on the Bribane Project for Totalisators by Brian Conlan
What is a PDP? (Ken Olson/DEC)
PDP-8 (pdp8.net)
PDP-11 History (telnet.hu)

-Q-

-R-
RITCHIE, DENNIS
Dennis Ritchie Home Page
Interview with Dennis M. RitchieDennis M. Ritchie timelineDennis M. Ritchie: From Inventing the Enterprise

-S-

Shareware, History of
Silicon Valley History (netvalley.com)
Smithsonian Institute's Computer History Collection

Shortest Path Algorith
See Dijkstra, Edsger

STIBITZ, GEORGE R.
George R. Stibitz, Computer Inventor (1904-1995)
George R. Stibitz in Inventors Hall of Fame
George R. Stibitz Curriculum Vitae
George R. Stibitz, Biography
George R. Stibitz, 1904-1995

SYSTEM R
System R (mcjones.org)
System R led to the introduction of the SQL language

-T-

Tech. History (si.edu)
The Charles Babbage Institute
This is located at the University of Minnesota
Many computer subjects including the history of computers...
The Evolution of the Computer
The History of Shareware
The IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
The Revolutionaries
The Smithsonian Computer History and Information Technology
Timeline: The History of Computers (Maxmon.com)
Well done! Events influencing the history and development of computing.
Tools for Thought (Howard Rheingold)

TOTALISATORS
History of Totalisators by Brian Conlon.

TURING, ALAN
The Alan Turing Home Page
Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954)
Alan Turing and COLOSSUS

-U-
UNIVAC COMPUTER
Univac Memories (fourmilab.ch)
Book: The Unsung Heroes of the PC Age

-V-

Virtual Museum of Computing
Viruses: History of Computer Viruses
Wearable Computing at media.MIT.edu
What was the first computer and who built it?"
Wired Magazine:Browse by Person
This is a list not to be missed. Enjoy.

von NEUMANN, JOHN LOUIS
John Lewis von Neumann (1903-1957)
John von Neumann
(Click on hardware in the background of this next reference)
von Neumann Digital Computer

-W-
WANG, AN
Dr. An Wang (Magnetic Core Memory) (mit.edu)
An Wang, Hall of Fame Inventor Profile
Book: Dr. an Wang Computer Pioneer
The Doctor and His Calculators
About Wang
An Wang: The Core of the Computer Era
Wang system photos
Photo 1968 Wang Calculator
Wang 363E Calculator
Wang BASIC vs. Microsoft BASIC

WILKES, MAURICE VINCENT
Maurice Vincent Wilkes (vt.edu)
Maurice Vincent Wilkes, Brief Biography

WIRTH, NIKLAUS
Niklaus Wirth (kzoo.edu)
Niklaus Wirth was the inventor of Pascal, and other languages.

WOZNIAK, STEVEN
Steven Wozniak Bio. (cs.vt.edu)
Official Website of the "WOZ"
Apple Computer history

-X-
XANADU
Project Xanadu
The original hypertext project...
Xanadu Australia: Problem Definition
Xanadu Secrets Become Udanax Open-Source (1999)
Marc Steigler's 1989 Article Published in the February 1990 Edition of Unix Review is about Hypertext Publishing

-Y-
-Z-
 ZUSE, KONRAD
Konrad Zuse
(Use the search engine at this next site to put in the name of Konrad Zuse, in order to navigate to this topic.)
A photograph of Konrad Zuse
Konrad Zuse's Z3 Computer
Konrad Zuse And His Computers
daming kailangan gawin!! waaah!!

Biyernes, Hulyo 22, 2011

Sabado, Hulyo 9, 2011

multiple intelligence homework :D

musical intelligence
- whenever i hear a song, it sticks to my mind the whole day :D
spatial intelligence
-because i am creative,i have ability to comprehend  three dimensional shapes and images.

Miyerkules, Hunyo 22, 2011

Succesfull Filipino Entrepreneurs

Benjamin Luison
Compony name: The Generics PharmacyEdgar SiaII
Compony Name:Mang Iasal
Carson Tan
Company Name: Aquabest

Martes, Hunyo 21, 2011

can you apply now?

**Identify the entrepreneurial characteristics that helped Carla succeed in her business.**
--creativity
--self-control
--decision-making skills
--desire for responsibility
--optimism
--ability to learn from past failures
--leadership ability
--courage
--commitment
--strong desire to achieve

Biyernes, Hunyo 17, 2011

PECs homework (can you understand?)

1. Evaluate the different entrepreneurial characteristics under PEC's. How does applying similar characteristics help us succeed in the other areas of life? Explain your answers by giving examples.
2. Explain how having the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies can help you become a successful entrepreneur.
answers:
1.                   ~Vigilance for Opportunities
             ~Commitment to work contract
             ~Persistence
             ~Willingness to take risks
             ~Demand for efficiency and quality
             ~Goal Setting
             ~Information seeking
             ~Systematic planning and monitoring
             ~Persuasion and networking
             ~Self - confidence
           
~These characteristics can help he/she to be a successful in business     , studies, work, etc..            ~example : in studies, we need to have goal setting,self - confidence,determination/persistence, and we need to be an information seeker.

  • 2.PECs can help an entrepreneur to become successful by guiding him/her through this competencies on the important detail of the business and establish various characteristics of a good entrepreneur.

Lunes, Hunyo 13, 2011

2nd week of school :">

2nd week of school(1st day).  it was so hot in the room,even though it was still fun :">

Sabado, Hunyo 11, 2011

homework #3

Achievement Cluster
I. Opportunity Seeking and Initiative
Does things before asked or forced to by events
Acts to extend the business into new areas, products or services
Seizes unusual opportunities to start a new business, obtain financing,
equipment, land work space or assistance
II. Risk Taking
Deliberately calculates risks and evaluates alternatives
Takes action to reduce risks or control outcomes
Places self in situations involving a challenge or moderate risk
III. Demand for Efficiency and Quality
Finds ways to do things better, faster, or cheaper
Acts to do things that meet or exceed standards of excellence
Develops or uses procedures to ensure work is completed on time or that
work meets agreed upon standards of quality
IV. Persistence
Takes action in the face of a significant obstacle
Takes repeated actions or switches to an alternative strategy to meet a
challenge or overcome an obstacle
Takes personal responsibility for the performance necessary to achieve
goals and objectives
V. Commitment to the Work Contract
Makes a personal sacrifice or expends extraordinary effort to complete a
job
Pitches in with workers or in their place to get a job done
Strives to keep customers satisfied and places long term good will over
short term gain
Planning Cluster
VI. Information Seeking
Personally seeks information from clients, suppliers or competitors
Does personal research on how to provide a product or service
Consults experts for business or technical advice
VII Goal setting
Sets goals and objectives that are personally meaningful and challenging
Articulates clear and specific long range goals
Sets measurable short term objectives
VIII. Systematic Planning and Monitoring
Plans by breaking large tasks down into time-constrained sub-tasks
Revises plans in light of feedback on performance or changing
circumstances
Keeps financial records and uses them to make business decisions
Power Cluster
IX. Persuasion and Networking
Uses deliberate strategies to influence or persuade others
Uses key people as agents to accomplish own objectives
Acts to develop and maintain business contracts
X. Independence and self-confidence
Seeks autonomy from the rules or control of others
Sticks with own judgement in the face of opposition or early lack of
success
Expresses confidence in own ability to complete a difficult task or meet a
challenge

homework #2

History of the Microscope
(includes: Who invented the microscope)

During the 1st century AD (year 100), glass had been invented and the Romans were looking through the glass and testing it. They experimented with different shapes of clear glass and one of their samples was thick in the middle and thin on the edges. They discovered that if you held one of these “lenses” over an object, the object would look larger.

Someone also discovered that you can focus the rays of the sun with one of these special “glasses” and start a fire. These early lenses were called magnifiers or burning glasses. The word lens by the way, is derived from the latin word lentil, as they were named because they resembled the shape of a lentil bean (look up lens in a dictionary).

These lenses were not used much until the end of the 13th century when spectacle makers were producing lenses to be worn as glasses.

The early simple “microscopes” which were really only magnifying glasses had one power, usually about 6X - 10X . One thing that was very common and interesting to look at was fleas and other tiny insects. These early magnifiers were hence called “flea glasses”.

Sometime about the year 1590, two Dutch spectacle makers, Zaccharias Janssen and his father Hans started experimenting with these lenses. They put several lenses in a tube and made a very important discovery. The object near the end of the tube appeared to be greatly enlarged, much larger than any simple magnifying glass could achieve by itself! They had just invented the compound microscope (which is a microscope that uses two or more lenses).

Galileo heard of their experiments and started experimenting on his own. He described the principles of lenses and light rays and improved both the microscope and telescope. He added a focusing device to his microscope and of course went on to explore the heavens with his telescopes.

Anthony Leeuwenhoek of Holland became very interested in lenses while working with magnifying glasses in a dry goods store. He used the magnifying glass to count threads in woven cloth. He became so interested that he learned how to make lenses. By grinding and polishing, he was able to make small lenses with great curvatures. These rounder lenses produced greater magnification, and his microscopes were able to magnify up to 270X!

Anthony Leeuwenhoek became more involved in science and with his new improved microscope was able to see things that no man had ever seen before. He saw bacteria, yeast, blood cells and many tiny animals swimming about in a drop of water. From his great contributions, many discoveries and research papers, Anthony Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) has since been called the "Father of Microscopy".

Robert Hooke, an Englishman (who is sometimes called the “English Father of Microscopy”), also spent much of his life working with microscopes and improved their design and capabilities.

Little was done to improve the microscope until the middle of the 19th century when great strides were made and quality instruments like today’s microscope emerged. Companies in Germany like Zeiss and an American company founded by Charles Spencer began producing fine optical instruments.

Today, there are no microscope manufacturers in the US and most of the microscopes come from Germany, Japan and China. Toy plastic microscopes should be avoided as they do not achieved the level of quality of the basic instruments with metal frames and glass lenses.

Because of foreign production, quality microscopes have become affordable for all. Zaccharias Janssen, the inventor of the microscope would marvel at the quality of even the most basic microscopes found in schools today.

homework #1

page 6
what does it take to be an entrepreneur
james characterisitcs- independent
                                hardworking
                                creative
                                perseverance
                               adventurous
page 8
enumerate marie's characteristics that helped her become a succesful entrepreneur.

Marie- hardworking
            creative
            independent
            persistance

a.what are the similarities between the stories of james and marie?
-they are both hardworking,creative, and independent on their things that they do.

b. how did their educational training differ?
-james grew up in a poor family and build her own business while marie was attending horticulture classes and she was interested in an interior plants consultant.

c.what made marie's business somewhat risky at first? how did she feel about it?
-when she saw the demand for professional care for indoor plants,which the shop did not offer. she feel sad or confused about it.

d. what common traits did Marie and James have that helped them succeed as entrepreneurs?
-even they knew that they'll have not have a chance they keep doing it.